Language And Society How Social Factors Influence The...

â€Å"Sociolinguistics studies the relations between language and society: how social factors influence the structure and use of language.† (Victory30, 2014). Language is a living, breathing entity whether is it spoken or signed. For the purposes of this project I will be focusing on American Sign Language or ASL. One aspect of ASL is initialization which seems to be very subjective. There are many social and cultural factors that influence this aspect. I had the privilege of interviewing Paul Simmons, and during our time discussing initialized signs, we covered the history of initializing in ASL, why some signs accept initialization while others do not, and using initialization in educational and career fields. Paul Simmons is an ADA†¦show more content†¦Paul has been involved in several Deaf organizations in different positions both here in the United States and Internationally (Simmons, 2017). An acquaintance helped put me in touch with Paul and we set up a one-on-one interview in sign language at Starbucks. The interview was a bit overwhelming as Paul brought so much experience and knowledge with him. Over the two hours that we conversed, I thoroughly enjoyed getting to know Paul and gleaning a plethora of fascinating information from him. First of all, I would like to cover what initialization means and how it historically made its way into sign language. Initialized signs use the first fingerspelled letter of a word that corresponds to a specific handshape used in a sign. Some examples are, FAMILY, YELLOW, WATER, and AUNT. In 1817 Thomas Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc brought French Sign Language (Manual French) to America and established the American School for the Deaf (ASD). Along with them they brought a large number of initialized signs that stemmed from Abbe’ de L’Epee who was the founder and first director of the Deaf School in Paris. This was a system of â€Å"Methodical Sign, in which the hand shapes of most signs were changed to correspond to the initial letter of their translation in the local oral language, and (in the case of ASL) partly a more recent influence of Manually Coded English† (Wikipedia, 2015). Paul pointed outShow MoreRelatedSocial And Cultural Factors Have A Significant In fluence1680 Words   |  7 Pages Social and cultural factors have a significant influence on the way a child interprets and views language. Language is a form of behaviour, a series of cultural and social practices that should be seen as appropriate (or not appropriate) for a given context (Green 2006). We could describe language as a set of conventions or rules that have been developed over time to provide communication and speech between one another. Not only is language important to society but specifically to education andRead MoreEssay Reading, Writing and Children’s Literacy1025 Words   |  5 Pagestext types and how children will learn most effectively the components of each text type as well as when and where to use them within society. As educators, we need to constantly be aware of how we can support students to use language in order to learn effectively. The purpose, structure and language features of all the various text types are essential components of an educators understanding of the subjec t in order for them to educate students. Halliday’s functional approach to language as well as aRead MoreDifferences Between L2 And L2 Development1681 Words   |  7 PagesAustralian L1 native speaker of English. This report discusses the factors influence Mari’s L2 development. Factors affecting the learner’s L2 development 1. The similarities and differences between L1 and L2 Acquiring second language is different with first language development. These differences are the learning environment, learning development, interlanguage, learning goal, knowledge transfer and others. L1 Learners in the native language environment, people in this environment are native speakersRead MoreThe Main Components Of Language Development981 Words   |  4 Pages Language is one of the essential skills we all require to live in our society, it enables us to communicate, obtain and transfer information and provide personal expression. All children begin a journey from an early age in learning and developing these skills. This essay will describe the four main components of language development being phonological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic. Within each component a discussion will be conducted on what roles nature and nurture have on these, this willRead MoreEvaluate the Relative Contribution of Nature and Nurture to Human Psychological Functioning1676 Words   |  7 Pageslongest running and most controversial within psychology. The question is what elements of human behaviour can be explained in terms of physical being and what can be explained in terms of social environment. Although this debate is relevant to many topics within psychology this essay will focus on two: language and sex and gender. Firstly it must be made clear what is meant by nature and nurture. Nature refers to the characteristics and abilities that are determined by a person’s genetic materialRead MoreA Short Note On L1 And L2 Development1652 Words   |  7 PagesAustralian L1 native speaker of English. This report discusses the factors influence Mari’s L2 development. Factors affecting the learner’s L2 development 1. The similarities and differences between L1 and L2 Acquiring second language is different with first language development. These differences are the learning environment, learning development, interlanguage, learning goal, knowledge transfer and others. L1 Learners in the native language environment, people in this environment are native speakersRead MoreSocial Construction1306 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Contructionism In chapter 2 of Surette, Social constructionism is a sociological theory of knowledge that consist how social objects of consciousness work in social contexts. There is often a debate about whether something is real or if it’s merely a social construct. For instance, If you believe social constructions arent real, then please take out all the bills in your wallet and pass them up to me. Money is an example of a social construction that plays an extremely importantRead MoreLanguage Is A Multifaceted Phenomenon That Has Been Given1483 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage is a multifaceted phenomenon that has been given many definitions over time. It can be viewed cognitively, as simply a set of grammatical rules by which we ‘correctly’ speak and write. Language may also be viewed as a material object in the form of letters, books and audio recordings, or as a set of social conventions shared by a group (Gee Hayes, 2011). However, what all of these view points have in common is its purpose to communicate, interact and connect with the people and world aroundRead MoreThe Theory Of Language Development1606 Words   |  7 PagesP1 Language development Biological approach- Noam Chomsky believes that the ability to develop any sort of communication and language is genetically programmed into us. Because children develop language very fast it is likely that the ability to use language is genetically programmed within us like standing and walking is. We need experience from people around us to use language but we do not need to be trained to speak. Behaviourist approach- B.F. Skinner believes that language is developed throughRead MoreThe books and materials used in data collection acted as the source of information for writing the1200 Words   |  5 Pageslayers that include structure, infrastructure, and superstructure. The book presents how a change in one of the factor influences the other. (Kasbekar 2006) gives a description on the leadership system and how they can be affected by cultural materialism. The paper focuses in giving an explanation to the Indian culture and existing interrelationship between culture, infrastructure and superstructure. Body The Indian culture is one of the oldest in the world and it refers to how the people of India

Black History - 954 Words

Javon SOC 101: Introduction to Sociology Instructor: Jeanette Maxey November 11, 2012 Theorists of Choice W.E.B Du Bois Sociology is the study of group behavior through the use of scientific investigation and research (Vissing, 2011). This class has shown so many different views on sociology. It explains how different people see society and how they live and interact with them. My theorist of choice is W.E.B Du Bois, because he laid down the foundation for the study of black sociology and the work of scholars such as E. Franklin Frazier (Vissing, 2011). In this paper I will discuss why I feel that W.E.B Du Bois views align with my personal views. W.E.B Du Bois real name is William Edwards Burghardt and was born†¦show more content†¦He said no man has a right to choose another man friend’s. He wanted the law to enforce against the rich as well as the poor. He wanted the law to enforce against white as well as black. He talks about blacks are not more lawless than a white race. The blacks are more often arrested, convicted and mobbed. Du Bois said he was n’t justice even for criminals and outlaws. Du Bois fought for equal rights for African Americans. He believed that African Americans should have the chance to advance education to develop its leadership. He believed that capitalism was the main cause of racism and he was generally sympathetic socialist causes throughout his life (Bois, W). He fought for the African Americans to get a higher position in the military. Some whites felt that African Americans were not qualified to be officers and some African Americans should not participate in what they consider a white man’s war (Bois, W). Du Bois supported increased civil rights, socialist causes and fought against American injustice both domestically and abroad. He never creased writing and he continued to publish on a wide range of subjects, such as poetry, civil rights, communism, imperialism and its effects on racial inequality. References Bois, W.E.B. Du. (1868-1963). Friesen, Bruce K. (2005). Teaching Sociology. Vissing, Y. (2011). An Introduction to Sociology.Show MoreRelatedBlack History After American History900 Words   |  4 PagesBlack History Month started off, as Black History Week in 1926 in 1976 it became a month. It is known that many minorities have suffered in America, Canada, and the United Kingdom especially African Americans; therefore, a month was created to raise awareness of their culture and the role they played in American history. There are other minorities such as Latinos and the Gay/Lesbian community who have suffered and played a huge role in American history who deserve an annual celebration of achievementsRead More Black History Importance Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesBlack History Importance The time has come again to celebrate the achievements of all black men and women who have chipped in to form the Black society. There are television programs about the African Queens and Kings who never set sail for America, but are acknowledged as the pillars of our identity. In addition, our black school children finally get to hear about the history of their ancestors instead of hearing about Columbus and the founding of America. The great founding of America brieflyRead MoreBlack History Question1230 Words   |  5 Pages4. Who was the first Black woman to drive a U S Postal stagecoach? @5. Name the first Black to win an elected office in the U. S. 6. Booker T. Washington had dinner with what American president? 7. Who were the Kansas City Monarchs? 8. What is Hoppin John? 9. What actor rapper starred in the movie Men In Black? 10. Representative Maxine Waters represents what state? The Black Heritage Trivia Game Section 4 Page 2 Section 4 Page 2 11. What month is Black History celebrated? 12. ThrillaRead MoreBlack Friday History718 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  Black  Friday  is  the  day  after  Thanksgiving  in  the  United  States,  where  it  is  the  beginning  of   the  traditional  Christmas  shopping  season.  Since  Thanksgiving  falls  on  the  fourth  Thursday  in   November  in  the  United  States,  Black  Friday  may  be  as  early  as  the  23rd  and  as  late  as  the   29th  of  November.  More  recently,  there  is  new  understanding  that  the  term  originates  from  the   theory  that  retailers  traditionally  operated  at  a  financial  loss  for  most  of  the  year  (January   through  November)  and  made  their  profit  during  the  holiday  seasonRead MoreBlack History : America, Not About Negro History914 Words   |  4 Pages From the Ground Up Today we learn about black history in America, not about Negro History. Who tells he story is what makes the difference; the people who lived it VS the people who watched it. Primary source documents tell the stories about what was happening on the ground. These are the best way to teach ourselves about how education was for Negros, the way lawsuits played a role in the civil rights movements, how a â€Å"Battle in Cuba† shaped new men, and how the community came together to get thisRead MoreHistory, Souls Of Black Folk, And Negro History763 Words   |  4 PagesIdentifying the hidden history, Books such as Wonders of the World, Story of Civilization, Outline of History, Souls of Black Folk, and Negro History (para. 22), offer X a more comprehensive African history other than the â€Å"whitened† (para. 19) history of slavery. While enumerating ignored sources of history from his research, X strengthens logos and ethos and connotes a contrast to the setting of this nar rative: many blacks’ contribution of history had been obliterated. Inequalities in history triggered hisRead MoreBlack History, By Sandra Bland1450 Words   |  6 Pagessocial media like every other citizen. That is until just after Christmas of 2014 when she made the decision to speak up about â€Å"the economic crisis burdening young African Americans,† trying to, in her words, inform her readers about black history, or American history as she liked to describe it (Nathan). Sandra Bland, a 28 year old African American, had just received a job interview from her alma mater, Prairie View AM University. Her life seemed to be going smoothly, just received a job offeringRead MoreEssay on History of Black Nurses2355 Words   |  10 Pagesthese programs where white students, blacks were not allowed any education during this time.   Blacks were not given equal rights as the white people, and were denied the right to have an education.   There were many black young women who were very interested in nursing, and were dedicated to pursue their dream, and wouldnt stop trying until they were given equal rights and accepted into these nursing programs.   Some black women would follow along with the black soldiers in the Civil War and provideRead MoreBlack History Should Not Be Celebrated1846 Words   |  8 Pagesit as Black History Month. Black History Month is one of the only national holidays in the United States of America that is for the acknowledgement and honour of African Americans in this its history. It is the time of the year when great African American figures are given praise and taught as â€Å"black history† in the school curriculum. Though its intentions are to celebrate accomplished African-Americans and their contributions, it is a poor method of sharing and learning black history. Black HistoryRead MoreBlack History Of American Education2125 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"The history of America n education abounds with themes that represent the inextricable ties between citizenship in a democratic society and popular education.†(Anderson) As a result of their skin color, blacks had always been discriminated against in US society. As a result, blacks had become jaded to the harshness of inequality and could not find a plausible way to gain equal footing because they were taught that they were lesser beings than whites. From late 19th century to the end of the 20th

Effects of Technology free essay sample

In other words, it answers most of Mankind problems. Across centuries technology evolves. The importance of technology is aiming for comfort of use in whichever form it is and it always directs for easiness in life. In today’s world, computer technology has made our lives much easier and convenient. It has helped many businesses to better serve the community. It is almost impossible to think that one can survive without computers. They have become a gadget of almost daily use for people of every age. Computers are important in almost all the business transactions that are made today. The most that any field has gained from the  invention of  the computers is the business field because of its nature. It has gained importance as they have  increased  the productivity and efficiency  of work  done. These technologies have made such an enormous impact on our society today. There isn’t a place where you can turn where there isnt a computer involved. It would be difficult to think of any business that would not benefit from computerization because it is now associated with  computer-based managerial decision-making  which can be (1) response time is greatly reduced (2) very large data are stored for information and decision-making (3)  accuracy of information  is considerably improved, thereby improving the quality of the decision (4) problems are handled more easily by using various  operation research models (5) the cost involved in the decision-making process is reduced (6) more secrecy is observed as compared to manual file system. B. Statement of the Problem In this proposal study, the proponents had stated problems in regard with the use of technology: 1. What are the benefits of technology in our daily living? 2. What is the importance of using technology? 3. What are the positive and negative effects of technology to the people? 4. Can technology promote personal growth to its users? 5. How does technology can affects to its user? C. Objectives of the Study In relation with the problem that they encountered during conducting this study, they finally arrived to the following objectives: 1. Personalize learning experience and promote personal growth to its user. 2. Improve understanding as different technologies can be used to make one understand concepts better. 3. Enhance the awareness of a person about the benefits of technology. 4. Inform the user on how technology affects our daily living. 5. Can access more information a faster rate, communicate and sharing information with others more quickly. D. Significance of the Study The proponents had study and focus on this thesis to inform, implement and share the benefits of Technology into following who will use it: For the proprietors of this study it will be very useful in their business, schools and of course at home because with the technology they will easily access on internet, social networking and they will make a habit like playing computer games and watching television and any gadgets. And using technology each individual can communicate to each other. This will improve their skills and on how to manage it easily yet with their using technology. In this research, readers will gain information about the importance of the technology regarding to the aspects of human living. Readers will also know the difference between the human behavior back to the time where there is no televisions, computers and cellphones. And to the proponents and future researchers this study will be a great significance for enhancing their abilities of its users. This can also be a source of other related studies. All the ideas and studies conducted during the course of study will be knowledge to be kept and treasure by the proponents be beneficial to them in the field of work that they chosen. E. Scope and Delimitation This using technology focuses on how the technology gives the knowledge in everyday living of each individual. This will provide more rapid information about the effects of the technology to our daily lives; this includes the negative and positive effect of technology to our life style, culture, society and more importantly to our planet. The purpose of this technology is to make easily of something we are needs. It will not also give information to expand our knowledge; it is to help of something better to all individuals. F. Definition of Terms Information. Any distinct signal element forming part of a message or communication, especially one assembled and made available for use by automatic machines, as digital computer. Gadget. It is a small tool such as a machine that has particular function, but is often thought of as a novelty; sometimes referred to as gizmos. Devices. A contrivance or an invention serving a particular purpose, especially a machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks. Hi-tech. (hi-technology) advanced technology. Lifestyle. A way of living individuals, families(households), and societies, which they manifest in coping with their physical, psychological, social and economic environments on a day-to-day basis. Technology. The branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science and pure sciences. G. Acronym INNOVATIVE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE amp; TECHNOLOGY Malitbog, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT Impact of Technology in Everyday Living The Mixer’s Empire Group Abamonga, Jamica Bantugan, Louie De Torres, Lenie Fillarca, Nelly P. Francisco, Vanessa Jambalos, Jelly Rafol, Jovelyn February 2013

Ralph Polo Lauren Case Essay Example

Ralph Polo Lauren Case Paper - Polo Ralph Lauren Case - 1. Polo Ralph Lauren is an American apparel company that was founded in the 1970’s. When it was founded it had three branches in the apparel business: design and development, manufacturer management, and inventory/stock handling. Because they did not want to own factories, they outsourced the garment manufacturing to Luen Thai, an apparel manufacturing company in China. Luen Thai got their fabric supply from the textile firm Ruentex in Taiwan. Not only was Luen Thai responsible for garment manufacturing, they were also in charge of product quality, making sure the deliveries were on time to Polo, and managing Advanced Shipment Notices, which ensured that information about the products (such as SKU numbers, carton and pallet numbers, and quantity) was sent to Polo ahead of the product shipment. A third party logistics operator was used to deliver the products to Polo’s warehouses in the United States where the inventory was then organized for distribution. Polo’s warehouses then delivered the goods to the different retail outlets. Originally, Polo’s supply chain was set up to take advantage of the participating companies’ competencies. Because Ruentex and Luen Thai are located in areas of the world that have less expensive labor, the textile and apparel manufacturing were done there. Polo Ralph Lauren did the designing because it is a more complex process and involves a lot of technical specifications. Polo Ralph Lauren is also located in the United States which is the country that buys the final product, so the designers there knew better what kinds of designs would sell. This kind of supply chain worked well for Polo Ralph Lauren in the past. There were lags in information sharing which caused inventory buildups, stock outs, and less efficient logistics, but overall Ralph Lauren was able to be competitive. - In 2005, however textile quotas were going to be lifted, which would change the whole competitive environment of the apparel industry. Polo Ralph We will write a custom essay sample on Ralph Polo Lauren Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ralph Polo Lauren Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ralph Polo Lauren Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lauren needed to look at their supply chain structure to see how they could make it more efficient and therefore more competitive. - 2. Using the Exhibit 1 as an example, we can see a model for the Polo’s supply chain. Each step in the supply chain operation as a whole can be understood as a unit in a big international organism. With that in mind, the bottleneck concept can be applied and we can understand that each of those steps, if improved, will not affect the whole organism unless it is a bottleneck. If you improve the bottleneck your process will be improved, otherwise no sensible change will be observed. The big challenge managing supply chain, in this case, will be identifying which step is really the bottleneck in your chain. Polo must know well its process to define where is the real bottleneck among the material provider (Ruentex), the manufacturing activity (Luen Thai), the 3PL operator, or the warehouses (Polo). - 3. Sharing information will be the most important tool in the process of improving Polos’ supply chain. A better management can be achieved through a real time information system, which will help to identify more easily where the bottlenecks are. On the same side, all â€Å"work-in-process† generated for the system and the entire inventory can be managed more precisely as well. On the other side, sharing information can be dangerous when expose its business competitive advantages and strategies. In this scenario, the middle of the chain to the end looks to be the ones that will benefit the most from information sharing in face of the new strategies adopted to create efficiencies. Having opted for being ahead on fashion trends, this differentiation associated with the need of minimum stock and time management, makes real-time information a crucial asset to Polo. So, the end of the supply chain will be the most affected if a non-controlled system starts to generate undesirable levels of inventory. - 4. The Ruentex supplies good quality raw materials to Luen Thai, which produces the final goods according to the design elaborated for Polo. A 3PL operator will deliver the goods to Polo’s warehouses and then the products are delivered for the different retail outlets. The main change that could be highlighted in this process is the transfer of design activity to Luen Thai. Once transit of information is a major factor of reducing efficiency in that supply chain, reducing the need of intensive communication during the design process could be a plus. But it has a cost. To design is not an area of expertise for Luen Thai, so some risk is attached to the learning curve associated to that transfer of activity/know-how from Polo to them.

Wayward

Wayward Wayward Wayward By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, What is the meaning of wayward? When would it be used in a positive context? When would it be used in a negative context? Because wayward is a negative sort of word, I can’t think of a context in which it would be used positively. Modern speakers use wayward as an adjective, but it began as a directional adverb. To go â€Å"(a)wayward† was to go in a direction away from something. One modern meaning of the adjective is â€Å"disposed to go counter to the wishes or advice of others.† In a religious context, â€Å"wayward children† are those who have departed from childhood teachings. â€Å"A wayward animal† is one that has strayed from its owner. â€Å"A wayward bullet† is one that has gone astray from the intended direction. â€Å"A wayward government† is one that is not following the rules. â€Å"A wayward boy† may mean simply that the boy has emotional problems, whereas the description â€Å"a wayward girl† often has sexual connotations. Here are some examples of usage seen in headlines and articles on the Web: Wayward Tortoise Detained by Los Angeles Police, Eventually Claimed by Owner Sam rolled  over  in the bed and  encountered a wayward  pillow instead of his wife.   Blueprint for reforming a wayward press council Faithful Parents and Wayward Children: Sustaining Hope While Overcoming Misunderstanding [Father Flanagan] founded Boys Town as a humble home for wayward youngsters nearly a century ago. By the turn of the centuryreformers had come to view sexually active women not as victims but as delinquents, and they called for special police, juvenile courts, and reformatories to control wayward girls.   Wayward Capitalists: Targets of the Securities and Exchange Commission (book title) Here are some synonyms for the different connotations of wayward: willful headstrong stubborn obstinate obdurate perverse contrary insubordinate disobedient undisciplined rebellious defiant uncooperative recalcitrant unruly wild unmanageable erratic refractory Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy ProductsFew vs. Several

Multiplication Tricks and Tips for Faster Learning

Multiplication Tricks and Tips for Faster Learning Like any new skill, learning multiplication takes time and practice. It also requires memorization, which can be a real challenge for young students. The good news is that you can master multiplication with as little as 15 minutes of practice time four or five times a week. These tips and tricks will make the job even easier. Use Times Tables Students usually begin learning basic multiplication by second grade. This skill will be essential as kids advance in class and study advanced concepts like algebra. Many teachers recommend using times tables to learn how to multiply because they allow students to begin with small numbers and work their way up. The grid-like structures make it easy to visualize how numbers increase as they are multiplied. Theyre also efficient. You can complete most times tables worksheets in one or two minutes, and students can track their performance to see how they improve over time. Using times tables is simple. Practice multiplying the 2s, 5s, and 10s first, then the doubles (6 x 6, 7 x 7, 8 x 8). Next, move to each of the fact families: 3s, 4,s, 6s, 7s, 8s, 9s, 11s, and 12s. Start by doing one sheet and see how long it takes you to complete it. Dont worry about how many right or wrong answers you get the first time you complete a worksheet. Youll get faster as you become better at multiplying.  Do not move to a different fact family without first mastering the previous one.   Play a Math Game Who said learning multiplication has to be boring? By turning math into a game, youre more likely to remember what youre doing. Try one of these  games  in addition to times tables worksheets. The 9 Times Quickie 1. Hold your hands in front of you with your fingers spread out.2. For 9 x 3 bend your third finger down. (9 x 4 would be the fourth finger)3. You have 2 fingers in front of the bent finger and 7 after the bent finger.4. Thus the answer must be 27.5. This technique works for the 9 times tables up to 10. The 4 Times Quickie 1. If you know how to double a number, this one is easy.2. Simply, double a number and then double it again! The 11 Times Rule #1 1. Take any number to 10 and multiply it by 11.2. Multiply 11 by 3 to get 33, multiply 11 by 4 to get 44. Each number  to  10 is just duplicated. The 11 Times Rule #2 1. Use this strategy for two-digit numbers.2. Multiply 11 by 18. Jot down 1 and 8 with a space between it. 1__8.3. Add the 8 and the 1 and put that number in the middle: 198 Deck Em! 1. Use a deck of playing cards for a game of multiplication war.2. Initially, children may need the grid to become quick at the answers.3. Flip over the cards as though you are playing Snap.4. The first one to say the fact based on the cards turned over (a 4 and a 5 Say 20) gets the cards.5. The person to get all of the cards wins!6. Children learn their facts much more quickly when playing this game on a regular basis. More Multiplication Tips Here are some easy ways to remember your times tables: Multiplying by 2: Simply double the number that youre multiplying. For example, 2 x 4 8. Thats the same as 4 4.Multiplying by 4: Double the number youre multiplying, then double it again. For example, 4 x 4 16. Thats the same as 4 4 4 4.Multiplying by 5: Count the number of 5s youre multiplying and add them up. Use your fingers to help count if you need to. For instance: 5 x 3 15. Thats the same as 5 5 5.Multiplying by 10: This is super-easy. Just take the number youre multiplying and add a 0 to the end of it. For instance, 10 x 7 70.   Want more practice? Try using some of these fun and easy  multiplication games  to reinforce the times tables.

Helping Harvard Medical School Make the Grade Essay - 1

Helping Harvard Medical School Make the Grade - Essay Example Some of these companies also sponsor only those where a positive outcome will be likely (Gagnon 1625). Therefore, tension exists between the desire to carry out the study for marketing advantage and adhering to laid down scientific principles. This concern is real thus cannot be said that they result in more good than harm. The pharmaceutical companies are a source of valuable resource for medical research. They are the primary funding of most of these studies. Banning it would not be practical as it will deny the companies data about their products and even lead to claims about products being made with minimal scientific evidence. As such, the finding should be controlled through disclosure mechanisms where those engaging with the firms reveal the details of the undertakings. This way, constant revaluation of the monetary aspects of the collaborations can be done. Moreover, the contractual agreement should be used for the benefit of the medical school and the industries. By protesting the Harvard conflict of interest policies, the student risked compromising the quality of education they receive. According to Morgan, Baker, and Evans, such policies are intended to ensure that there a right balance is struck between ensuring the integrity of the institution and permitting the members of the faculty to i mprove health through discoveries and eventual introduction of new drugs (670). By opposing the policies, they were compromising the ability of the institution to ensure that biomedical research funded by the companies are done in the appropriate way without emphasis being put on marketing advantage and economic gains both for the firms and the individual professors and lecturers. Even without the state passing similar regulations, Harvard could still have been able to pass its policies. Personally, I have not been in a class where the lecturers seemed to be giving biased information because of their work outside the university. However, should that occur, I believe it will be prudent enough to raise the concern so as to safeguard the quality of information given to the students. From the case, it is clear that dissent should be expressed through the right channels just the same way those who opposed the undertakings between the professors with the companies did by engaging the righ t authorities and administrators. Â  

Write a report on the article we google you Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a report on the we google you - Article Example The young aspiring professional that is covered in the article is named Mimi Brewster. Mimi had great credentials such as a bachelor degree in Modern Chinese culture, an MBA from the University of Stanford, managerial experience in the apparel industry, and trilingual language skills which included English, Mandarin, and another Chinese dialect. The company interviewing Mimi had a position open in Shanghai China. The interviewer liked Mimi’s personality, skills, abilities, and her professional credentials. Fred, the interviewer, thought that talent like Mimi was hard to come by. He wanted to hire her after the first interview. Virginia Flanders, HR manager, continued with the employee selection process. One of her background checks included looking at the first eleven pages of Google after placing the name of the candidate. Virginia found a couple of articles about Mimi. During her college years she had been involved in protest against the WTO and against the Chinese government. These revelations worried the HR manager so much that she discarded Mimi as a legitimate candidate. Virginia advised Fred not to confront Mimi about the matter to protect the company against discrimination because due to abuse of privacy laws. At the end of the article the company was leaning towards not hiring Mimi. The article concluded with the evaluation of the scenario by four professionals working at important positions in different organizations. They would express their expert opinion on whether the company should hire Mimi or discard her as a candidate. The first opinion came from John Palfree, a law professor. He believes the company should hire Mimi. If the firm does not hire her due to the Google search they would be discriminating. He also believes that discarding candidates because of internet content is counterproductive. The action eliminates a lot of

Two Variable Inequality Essay Example for Free

Two Variable Inequality Essay This week we are learning about two-variable inequalities as they pertain to algebraic expressions. The inequality can be graphed to show the values included in and excluded from a given range of numbers. Solving for inequalities such as these is a critical skill in many trades which can save or cost a company a lot of time and money. Ozark Furniture Company can obtain at most 3000 board feet of maple lumber for making its classic and modern maple rocking chairs. A classic maple rocker requires 15 board feet of maple, and a modern rocker requires 12 board feet of maple. Write an inequality that limits the possible number of maple rockers of each type that can be made, and graph the inequality in the first quadrant. First I must assign a variable to each type of rocker Ozark Furniture makes. Let c = the number of classic rockers Let m = the number of modern rockers It takes 15 board feet of lumber for each classic rocker so I will use 15c in my equation. Likewise, I will use 12m for the 12 board feet of lumber in the modern rocker. The maximum amount of lumber Ozark can obtain is 3000 board feet. Therefore, my equation will look like this: 15c + 12m ≠¤ 3000 If I call c the independent variable (on the horizontal axis) and m the dependent variable (graphed on the vertical axis) then I can graph the equation using the intercepts. The c-intercept is determined when m = 0: 15c ≠¤ 3000 c ≠¤ 200 The c-intercept is (200,0). The m-intercept is found when c = 0: 12m ≠¤ 3000 m ≠¤ 250 The m-intercept is (0, 250). Since this inequality is â€Å"less than or equal to†, the graphed line will be solid, sloping downward from left to right within the first quadrant of the graph. The shaded section will cover the area from the line towards the origin, stopping at the respective axes. Consider the point (50,100) on my graph. It is well inside the shaded area meaning that Ozark Furniture could easily fill this order for 50 classic and 100 modern rocking chairs. 50(15) + 100(12) = 1920 board feet of lumber leaving 1080 board feet remaining. Now consider the point (150,100) on the graph. It is outside the shaded area which indicates that this order of 150 classic rockers and 100 modern rockers would require more lumber than the company can acquire. 150(15) + 100(12) = 3450 board feet of lumber which is 450 board feet more than they have. Ozark cannot fulfill this order. Consider the point (100, 125) now. This point falls directly on the line on the graph indicating that the company would have just enough lumber to fill this order with none to spare. 100(15) + 125(12) = 3000 board feet of maple. If Ozark receives a faxed order for 175 modern rockers and 125 classic rockers, they would not be able to fulfill the order. When we plot the order on the graph (125, 175) we can clearly see it is well outside the shaded area. 125(15) + 175(12) = 3975 board feet of lumber required. They would need an additional 975 board feet of lumber to complete the order. These scenarios clearly show how important it is to be able to solve an inequality with two variables.

Socialist Equality of Opportunity Essay -- Politics, Free Market Syst

Each of us is inherently conditioned into a particular way of life by our community and the politics that govern such a society. At any current time, the organization of political principles, such as democracy or distributive justice, has been a predetermined result. We blindly accept that our ancestors were correct and ignore the possibility of objections. Yet, this is a grave mistake, especially considering the fact that our lives and the way society is organized are so intertwined. This means â€Å"we cannot avoid thinking of our political practices as alterable, and even (if only in retrospect) as possible objects of choice† (Bird 3). To some, one of the â€Å"alterable† political practices of distributive justice, in Socialist Equality of Opportunity (EOP), may seem extreme. The word Socialism has developed into a â€Å"meaningless word† that serves as a synonym to tyranny (Orwell 4). Yet, a specific form of socialism, equality of opportunity, has many meri ts over common, currently practiced systems and should be considered as a legitimate ideal for distributive justice. To realize the aforementioned thesis it is important to first define equality of opportunity. Within the definition, many reasonable objections will surface, but through disputing common theories on distributive justice, it will be relatively simple to recognize the following: EOP is the most rational form of distributive justice given the inherent nature of society, it eliminates a vast number of inherent inequalities, and is the most efficient form of distributive justice if equality of opportunity can be granted. The task then is to adequately define Socialist EOP. This in itself, like defining most distributive justice schemes, is a complex matter. However, it may he... ...n my opinion, the nature of society includes a communal ideal that does not let those less fortunate suffer irrationally. Within Socialist EOP, the decisions of any individual remain intact so long as everyone starts out with the same chance for success. Although, what might come out of this is complexity, Socialist EOP fosters a true sense of justice and fairness by catering to the true sense of society. Economic efficiency shouldn’t matter, so long as the aforementioned ideals are held up by the state. The consequence will be a more just and perhaps a more efficient society. Compared to other polarized schemes, Socialist EOP truly represents the best chance at success, by eliminating a broad range of inequalities based on arbitrary factors, including luck. Only in eliminating all of these factors can a society, forged on a true sense of justice, be realized.

Information Technology Acts Paper

What were the advances in information technology that resulted in new ethical issues necessitating the creation of each act? BIS/229 09/05/2012 Malinda Marsh Week 1 Assignment In today’s volatile information era, information technology has revolutionized advertisement methods to consumers. The use of advancement in information technology, such as automated and prerecorded messages caused numerous controversies and complaints to the government authority. This engaged the Federal government and Congress to intervene in the protection of the consumers.The Federal government and Congress had create statutes, such as Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), 1991, and Do Not Call Implementation Act, 2003 that prohibits or blocked unsolicited advertising via communicational devices. This report will illustrate the advances in information technology that resulted in new ethical issues necessitating the creation of each act? The advancement in information technology (IT) has redefined the techniques and strategies on how industries efficiently communicated and convey their information and services to the consumers.However, certain technique, such as telemarketing caused numerous controversies and complaints to the government authority. This enacted the Federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991. According to â€Å"Class Actions under the Federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991†Ã‚  (2010)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The TCPA is a federal statute enacted in 1991 that prohibits unsolicited advertising by facsimile, automated recorded telephone messages, advertising calls to cellular telephones or other devices where the customer must pay to receive the call, and solicitation after consumers have included their names on the no-call list.The creation of the act was formed to be addressing the consumer concerns about unsolicited advertisement via communicational methods. One-concern consumers had been intrusive behaviors of calls. Numerous consumers considered a nd found it inappropriate when telemarketers called during family time, early in the morning or late at night. Because of the random and interrupting call from the telemarketers.Often consumers were disturbed and agitated because of the telemarketer calls interrupted important moments in the consumer lives. For example, in the moment when the consumer family is enjoying dinner while sharing exciting stories at the table and at same time indulgin the meal that was prepared by the grandmother. All of a sudden, the phone rang and purported to be important but unfortunately, discovered only to be a telemarketer interrupting the family mealtime together.Furthermore, consumers believed that it was a violation of their privacy. Another concern consumers had was that there was no method to call back if the consumer wanted to respond to the telemarketers. Although Protection Act (TCPA), 1991 created certain provision that telemarketers has to oblige to the regulations and criterions within t he act. There were certain consumers, who wanted to block telemarketers from contacting them via communicational devices.Because of increasing numbers complaints from consumers to block telemarketers, the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) conveyed to the Congress to pass the statute called the Do Not Call Implementation Act, 2003. According to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"H. r. 395 (108th): Do-Not-Call Implementation Act†Ã‚  (2012),  Ã¢â‚¬  (To authorize the Federal Trade Commission to collect fees for the implementation and enforcement of a â€Å"do-not-call† registry, and for other purposes. )†.Even though the advance in technology information has revolutionized the advertisement techniques to convey to the consumers. The Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), 1991, and Do Not Call Implementation Act, 2003 created barriers and prevented unsolicited advertisements from telemarketers for consumers.References Brown, D. B. (2010). Class Ac tions under the Federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991. FDCC Quarterly, 61(1), 84-98. H. R. 395 (108th): Do-Not-Call Implementation Act. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. govtrack. us/congress/bills/108/hr395 Information Technology Acts Paper For many years the Congress or Federal Government had to step into help and protect consumers by creating lawful Acts. Some of these acts are: the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (1974), Fair Credit Reporting Act (1970), Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, (1986), The Telephone Consumer Protection Act (1991), and Do not Call Implementation Act (2003). Presently the Federal Government has numerous acts that authorize the government to implement consumer protection; however, this paper will address only two of them. We will discuss the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) of 1991 and the Do not Call Implementation Act of 2003. Information technology has increased significantly over time. The caller Identification technology and other telephone number capturing systems have placed the consumer at the mercy of telemarketers and other nuisance callers. The increasing use of the advanced information technology such as automated and prerecorded messaging to consumer homes caused many complaints to government authorities. The Congress and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) established the TCPA, and 12 years later the Do Not Call Implementation Act. According to Federal Communications Commission (2008), the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) of 1991 was created by Congress to ensure that telephone marketing callers, â€Å"provide his or her name, the name of the person or entity on whose behalf the call is being made, and a telephone number or address at which that person or entity can be contacted. Unwanted telemarketing calls often interrupted something important, and there is no callback number, and no way to reach the caller, to say do not call again. These are some of many consumer concerns about unsolicited telephone marketing calls that caused the establishment of the TCPA and the national Do Not Call List. According to Watson (2008), in 2003 the United States Congress passed the Do Not Call Implementation Act. This act was put into place for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to create and maintain a Do Not Call Registry for the Do. Not Call List. The forerunner of the national do not call list had a few flaws. One flaw was consumer was forced to register objections with each business to be placed on the specific do not call list. In addition, over time advanced technology brought on the ability to call many telephone numbers merely by clicking a computer key that sends automated and prerecorded messages. The technology was so pervasive that thousands of unsolicited calls could be made with very limited employee time. The Do Not Call Implementation Act of 2003 provided additional protection to consumers from unwanted phone calls from telemarketers. Instead of registering with each business or entity, a consumer has to request placement of his or her telephone number on the do not call list or registry. The Do Not Call Implementation Act makes the Do Not Call Registry permanent, which means a consumer, has to register their number only once. The only time a customer has to reregister is when his or her phone number was disconnected for some reason or the customer was assigned a different number. The two Acts covered in this paper, although an excellent try to eliminate unwanted calls and provide protection for consumers, left areas that required attention. For example, charities and any entity that the consumer had previous business relationship was left covered under these Acts. The good news is that according to Watson (2008), the Federal Trade Commission closed one of the major loopholes still open to telemarketers. With any luck, the days of unsolicited phone calls may be coming to an end. Reference Federal Communications Commission.  (2008).  Unwanted Telephone Marketing Calls.  Retrieved   from http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/consumerfacts/tcpa.html Watson, B.  (2008).  Not call implementation act tips. â€Å"Shutting down the   Telemarketers†Ã‚  Retrieved from   http://www.walletpop.com/tag/do+not+call+implementation+act/

Greek Culture vs Roman Culture

Greek Culture VS. Roman Culture Gabraille Driscol American InterContinental University HUMA215-1204D Ms. Cheryl Lemus Abstract Many people are unaware of just how alike the Romans and the Greeks are. They have many of the same cultures because they adapted them from each other. From modern art to the gods and goddesses. Everything that the Greek have the Romans also has. Yes there are a few changes that have been extracted throughout the two but they are similar to each other in many ways. Roman gods are known as the same thing that Greek gods are. But they have different names for them.The Roman culture is very un strict and focus of the greater good of the gods and mankind. These are just some of the few things that are focused with the Greeks and the Romans. The Greece culture was one just like what the â€Å"New World† went through. Their period was made up of Polis better known as city states. Their society was broken up between free people and slaves. The free people kep t the slaves. The slaves worked without pay many time and did hard labor such as the slaves of the 20th century. Many slaves lived with their master, but were over work and almost never paid.As their society evolved so did the people. They changed from free people to free men. They were divided between Citizens and Metics. If you were a citizen than both of your parents were from the Greece decent. Metics were foreign people that came over to Athens from other places to learn a craft. Many of them were forced to serve in the military. Metics also had to pay taxes and would never be considered a citizen. Women had no rights in the Greece culture any foreign affairs they were involved in was because of their husbands or a man they were involved with.When it came to their government many citizens were thought to serve on the government after taking part in the military. The Greek agriculture system was called orders, they had three orders. They were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Parthe non is an order of Doric the temple of Athena Parthenos (â€Å"Virgin†), Greek goddess of wisdom, on the Acropolis in Athens. The Parthenon was built in the 5th century BC, and despite the enormous damage it has sustained over the centuries, it still communicates the ideals of order and harmony for which Greek architecture is known.Ironic order is The Temple of Apollo at Didyma – The Greeks built the Temple of Apollo at Didyma, Turkey (about 300 BC). The design of the temple was known as dipteral, a term that refers to the two sets of columns surrounding the interior section. These columns surrounded a small chamber that housed the statue of Apollo. With Ionic columns reaching 19. 5 m (64 ft. ) high, these ruins suggest the former grandeur of the ancient temple. The territory of Greece is mountainous, and as a result, ancient Greece consisted of many smaller regions each with its own dialect, cultural peculiarities, and identity.Regionalism and regional conflicts was a prominent feature of ancient Greece. Cities tended to be located in valleys between mountains, or on coastal plains, and dominated a certain area around them. The Roman culture was very much like the Greek culture because much of it was adopted from the Greek. Much of the roman culture is still in our world today. They built bridges and sewers which we still use today. They help to develop wells and other sources to get water. The roman ideas were much of the ideas that are still used in today economy.They created the death games and gladiators which we still use today. Much of our culture was adapted from the Romans. They came up with many things that the U. S. has to thank them for. Roman theater came from the Greek as well but more developed. They came up with many adlibs and improv that Shakespeare used and many new sitcoms use today. The roman a d Greek gods and goddesses share many of the same attributes but have different names. The roman government was run by priests who we re mentors between both men and gods.They maintained the good will and support for Rome. Lastly the roman philosophers were the Greek philosophers. References N. S. Gill, Roman Culture: An introduction to the culture of Rome, especially the Roman Republic. (2012). Retrieved on November 2012, Retrieved from http://ancienthistory. about. com/od/culture/tp/061511-Roman-Culture. htm Ancient Greece, (2012) Retrieved on November 2012, retrieved from http://www. ancientgreece. com/s/Culture/ Ancient Greece, 21 October 2012 Retrieved on November 2012, retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ancient_Greece

Social, educational and economical impacts of the internet in the new millennium

Social, educational and economical impacts of the internet in the new millennium Introduction The Internet has emerged to be the most popular and advanced tool used for accessing information in the new millennium. The Internet is the most known transforming technology that man had ever developed before and it has all the capability of changing everything, including the activities people do on a daily basis. Moreover, the Internet is said to be the most important tool used when sharing information.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social, educational and economical impacts of the internet in the new millennium specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effect of the internet on the society The use of the internet has openly transformed societies and all activities people do on a daily basis. The Internet, being one of the latest technologies to be developed on earth has the highest number of people who prefer using it for communication purposes. This is because the internet makes it easy for people living thousand of miles apart to communicate with one another freely and even visually. Moreover, the internet also allows people living in different geographical locations to effectively coordinate their business operations and even exchange events of their social lifestyles (Ghandchi, par. 1). Currently, almost everyone has an access to e-mail and other social sites that are available on the internet. Teenagers, for example, are the most common users of internet social sites. They log in to retrieve miraculous information and also chat with one another (Symonds, par. 4). Other social sites available on the internet include; Facebook, Twitter and Skype. These sites make it easy for people to chat and exchange social and cultural ideas (Symonds, par. 4). Despite all the good things, Internet technology has brought to the societies, there are several drawbacks accompanying it. Internet crimes for example; identity theft, hackers and other advanced monetary thieves are on the increas e globally (â€Å"Effects of Computers and the Internet on Society† par. 4). Many people don’t involve much in online businesses because of fear. Impacts of the internet on education The development of the internet several decades ago lifted up the education sector, which really benefited from this technology. There are several developmental measures that have been put in place with the help of the internet. The question people ask is whether this technology will cause more positive or negative effects on education. There is no doubt that over a decade ago, the internet has ushered in an amazing progressive revolution as far as informational development was concerned. The Internet is currently the most accessible sources of information both, locally and internationally.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Anyone can access the unlimited amount of inf ormation in the shortest time possible through the internet. The Internet provides an alternative way of accessing the information as compared to the old system, such as libraries, it is time saving and students, instead of spending their entire day looking for information in books, will only spend a few minutes to login into a website and retrieve the same information (Maroki, par. 5). The use of the internet in educational institutions is currently being supported by majority of educators worldwide. Many educational institutions are now seconding the idea of fully incorporating the technology in the education sector. This is because the internet avails to students the most updated articles and data creating a sense of immediacy (Maroki, par. 9). Nevertheless, bearing in mind that internet exposes students to a great amount of information, not all students use this technology for the academic purposes. Instead, majority of students use it to play games, chat and listen to music. Fo r this reason, using the internet is disadvantageous to education because it redirects students from academic concentration to social activities. This is evident in cases where instead of reading, students engage more in social sites unrelated to education. Nowadays, students don’t carry out their own assignment and research work. Instead, they simply copy-paste the information available on the internet and submit as their own works. Most educators feel that it will reach a time when the internet will fully replace using books as sources of information (Maroki, par. 12). This is considered to be very disadvantageous to the student for whom reading books in libraries provides the possibility to develop skills of not only retrieving the information but also engaging in thinking broadly (Maroki, par. 12). When students use the internet alone as the primary source of information, most of them lose their time by engaging more in social websites available on the internet. Additiona lly, frequent use of the internet for academic assignments and research without accessing books can cause mind erosion (Maroki, par. 12). This will happen because of the frequent tendency of accessing free information from the internet. The students thinking abilities will go down because they will not have the possibility to read books which helps in memory development.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social, educational and economical impacts of the internet in the new millennium specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Impacts of the internet on the economy It is clear that the internet has transformed businesses all over the world. Most companies nowadays have transformed from old e-commerce to modern e-business with the help of advanced internet technologies (Symonds, par. 6). This is primarily evident in cases where a company, through the internet, makes direct business connections with customers that are tho usands of miles away. Moreover, other companies are currently using more secured internet technologies to establish and intensify business relationship with their trading partners. This technological tool has seen many companies to grow economically and generate huge profits. Furthermore, it is cheap and easy to advertize products through the internet since everyone across the world can easily access the information very quickly. The other economic benefit is that trading partners nowadays can argue and negotiate on market prices online and even explore new market through the internet easily. Additionally, the internet has greatly reduced money spent as tax for any business transaction done online to about one cent (Symonds, par. 34). This is contrary to what business transactions done on banks demand. Notable to mention is that, for every bank transaction, 27 cent is charged as transaction fee (Symonds, par. 34). When processing a traveling air ticket through the internet, one pays $1 as transaction cost. This is cheaper than the $8 charged when processing the same through an agent (Symonds, par. 34). However, the use of the internet in business operation is also accompanied by several drawbacks that scare people from operating online businesses. Some of the negative impact includes the internet security assurance. In today’s world, we have hundreds of advanced internet hackers, e-terrorists and credit card thieves who spent their time on the internet developing fake connections. This has gradually lowered down customers trust and confidence to conduct business through the internet. Furthermore, lack of productivity power from workers is another common negative effect faced by most companies globally. This is observed in cases where employees spend most of their time on social websites instead of working (Beach, par. 5). Conclusion In summary, the internet technology has advanced tremendously in this new millennium. It is important to note that the int ernet use has both positive and negative impact on whoever uses it.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Beach, Justin. â€Å"Positive Negative Effects of the Internet.† E-how tech. 2011. Web. â€Å"Effects of Computers and the Internet on Society.† 2010. Web. Ghandchi, Sam. â€Å"The New Millennium: The Age of Thinking.† Iranscope. 1999. Web. Maroki, Neil. â€Å"The Impact of the Internet on the Education Systems in the New Millennium.† Business Library. 2001. Web. Symonds, Mathew. â€Å"The Economist.† The Net Imperative. 1999. Web.

Biography of Hans Eysenck

Biography of Hans Eysenck Hans Eysenck (1916-1997) was a German-born British psychologist whose best-known work focused on personality and intelligence. He was also a highly controversial figure because of his assertion that racial differences in intelligence were the result of genetics.   Fast Facts: Hans Eysenck Full Name: Hans Jà ¼rgen EysenckKnown For: Eysenck was a psychologist best known for his work in the areas of personality and intelligenceBorn: March 4, 1916 in Berlin, GermanyDied: September 4, 1997 in London, EnglandParents: Eduard Anton Eysenck and Ruth EysenckEducation: Ph.D., University College LondonKey Accomplishments: The most frequently cited British psychologist in scientific journals before his death. Prolific author of over 80 books and more than one thousand articles. Founding editor of the journal Personality and Individual Differences Early Life Hans Eysenck was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1916. He was an only child and his parents were stage and screen performers. His mother was Jewish and his father was Catholic. Shortly after he was born, his parents divorced, leaving Eysenck to be raised by his Jewish maternal grandmother. Eysenck despised the Nazis, so after graduating from secondary school in 1934, he emigrated to London. His initial plan was to study physics at University College London, but due to a lack of prerequisites in the physics department, he ended up getting a degree in psychology instead. He went on to complete his Ph.D. there in 1940 under the supervision of Cyril Burt. Career By the time Eysenck graduated, World War II had started. Eysenck was declared an enemy alien and was almost interned. Initially, he was unable to find a job due to his status. Finally in 1942, with the ease of restrictions, Eysenck found a position at North London’s Mill Hill Hospital as a research psychologist. He went on to found the psychology department at the Institute of Psychiatry after the war, where he stayed until his retirement in 1983.  Eysenck continued pursuing research and writing until his death in 1997. He produced articles and books on a plethora of subjects, leaving behind over 80 books and over 1,600 articles. He was also the founding editor of the influential journal Personality and Individual Differences. Before he passed away, Eysenck was the most cited British psychologist in social science journals.   Contributions to Psychology One of Eysenck’s most significant contributions to psychology was his pioneering work on personality traits. Eysenck was among the first to use the statistical technique called factor analysis to reduce the number of possible traits down to a specific set of dimensions. Initially, Eysenck’s model included only two traits: extraversion and neuroticism. Later, he added the third trait of psychoticism. Today, the Big Five model of personality is considered the gold standard for trait measurement, but the Big Five echoes Eysenck’s model in several ways. Both models include extraversion and neuroticism as traits and Eysencks psychoticism includes elements of the Big Five traits conscientiousness and agreeableness. Eysenck also made the argument that there is a biological component to traits. He claimed that biology combined with the environment to create personality, accounting for the importance of both nature and nurture. Controversial Beliefs Eysenck is known for sparking a great deal of controversy in the field of psychology. One of his major targets was psychoanalysis, which he argued was unscientific. Instead, he was a vocal advocate for behavioral therapy and was largely responsible for establishing clinical psychology in the United Kingdom. In addition, he claimed that there was no evidence that cigarettes cause cancer. Instead, he said that there was a link between personality, smoking, and cancer. His research on the topic was done with the support of the tobacco industry. Although it was a conflict of interest, Eysenck argued that it didn’t matter where funding came from as long as studies were done correctly. The biggest controversy Eysenck became embroiled in was over intelligence. After his student Arthur Jenson asserted in an article that racial differences in intelligence were inherited, Eysenck defended him. He fanned the flames of the backlash even more by writing a book on the subject called The IQ Argument: Race, Intelligence, and Education. However, in his autobiography he was more moderate, saying that environment and experience also play a significant role in intelligence. Key Works Dimensions of Personality (1947)The Effects of Psychotherapy: An Evaluation. Journal of Consulting Psychology (1957)Uses and Abuses of Psychology (1953)The Structure and Measurement of Intelligence (1979)Rebel with a Cause: The Autobiography of Hans Eysenck (1997) Sources Buchanan, Rod. Eysenck, Hans Jà ¼rgen. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Encyclopedia.com, 27 June 2019. https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/medicine/psychology-and-psychiatry-biographies/hans-jurgen-eysenckBuchanan, Roderick D. Looking Back: The Controversial Hans Eysenck. The Psychologist, vol. 24, 2011, pp. 318-319. https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-24/edition-4/looking-back-controversial-hans-eysenckCherry, Kendra. â€Å"Psychologist Hans Eysenck Biography.† Verywell Mind, 3 June 2019. https://www.verywellmind.com/hans-eysenck-1916-1997-2795509GoodTherapy. â€Å"Hans Eysenck (1916-1997).† 7 July 2015. https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/hans-eysenck.htmlMcAdams, Dan.  The Person: An Introduction to the Science of Personality Psychology. 5th ed., Wiley, 2008.McLeod, Saul. â€Å"Theories of Personality.† Simply Psychology, 2017. https://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-theories.htmlSchatzman, Morton. Obituary: Professor Ha ns Eysenck. The Independent, 8 September 1997. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-professor-hans-eysenck-1238119.html

(no topic) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

(no topic) - Essay Example This code defines how people dress, build houses and their eating mannerisms. Cultural relativists assert that this code of ethics, cannot be declared as absolute truth or wrong, but it guides the activities of societal members. Societies are diverse due to their cultures and thus it is essential for people to understand their cultural diversity and learn to live in unity. This means tolerating each other and accepting that people are different. Consequently, unity in diversity and harmonious living become part and parcel of the society. Critics to this theory argue that societies have numerous similarities; they value virtues such as truth and preservation of human life. Therefore, there are some things which are universal among societies although societies exist as independent entities. Cultural relativism guides us not to assume that there are absolute truths to anything. It also urges us to be open-minded so as to cope with people from different societies (Rachels 8-11). The Golden Rule has its foundation on ethics. These are moral principles followed by an institution, society or organization. They have no significant variations across cultures and societies, and they are the foundation of responsible behavior. According to John Maxwell, the Golden Rule is that people want to be treated in a good manner (Maxwell 2-7). They always want to feel appreciated, valued and understood. Furthermore, this rule suggests that people have a strong passion for trust and respect. Therefore, they endeavor to obtain all these wants as they progress in their lives. On the other hand, Gensler’s Golden Rule suggests that people should treat others well if they would want them to reciprocate in the same manner (Gensler 5-15). Thus, one should not do something unpleasant to another person expecting the person to do something substantial in return. However, he does not mention the action to be done; whether it is positive or negative. Critics of this rule such as

Financial Report Analysis of Goodrington Plc Essay

Financial Report Analysis of Goodrington Plc - Essay Example INTRODUCTION Company Background Goodrington group plc belong to fashion retailing industry in the United Kingdom. It comprises three popular brands of retailing in the country that are Goodrington, Newton, and Churston. These three bands provide several retail products to different target groups of the consumers in United Kingdom. Activities Goodrington caters to customers ranging from the young-to-middle aged consumers by providing different items such fashion clothing, footwear and home ware. Newton has its own target market catering to the female consumers aged 45 and over by selling clothing items to them. Churston caters to the consumers with an instinct for fine fragrances and perfumes. It attracts its target consumers with the help of brightly lit and decorated store interior that is highly appealing to the people with artistic sense. Significant Changes The most significant change concerning the company's operations as reflected in the company's annual report is the acquisition of subsidiary costing the company 4,350,000 in the year 2005. ANALYSIS Profitability 2005 2004 Gross Profit Ratio 20.25% 20.56% Net Profit Ratio 5.99% 6.61% Gross Profit Ratio The Gross Profit ratio analyses the company's profit margin before accounting for various operating costs (Mcmenamin Jim, 1999). The gross profit ratio for Goodrington plc shows that the company is earning about 20% out of the total sales revenue after having accounted for the cost of sales. This also shows that the company loses almost 80% of the total sales revenue on production and distribution expenses. The company's gross profit ratio has been stable over the last two years. Net Profit Ratio The net profit ratio analyses a...This paper utilises only books for the purpose of formulas and interpretation of the given ratios. Goodrington group plc belong to fashion retailing industry in the United Kingdom. It comprises three popular brands of retailing in the country that are Goodrington, Newton, and Churston. These three bands provide several retail products to different target groups of the consumers in United Kingdom. Churston caters to the consumers with an instinct for fine fragrances and perfumes. It attracts its target consumers with the help of brightly lit and decorated store interior that is highly appealing to the people with artistic sense. The Gross Profit ratio analyses the company's profit margin before accounting for various operating costs (Mcmenamin Jim, 1999). The gross profit ratio for Goodrington plc shows that the company is earning about 20% out of the total sales revenue after having accounted for the cost of sales. This also shows that the company loses almost 80% of the total sales revenue on production and distribution expenses. The company's gross profit ratio has been stable over the last two years. The net profit ratio analyses a company's profitability after taking into account all the operating costs and interest expense etc (Mcmenamin Jim, 1999)

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

No topic - Essay Example Further, John is found to have a good knowledge of the issue of locally grown and ecologically grown products. In the case of the former, he explains his concerns over the use of pesticides in products that are locally produced and also tries to compare it with the latter in terms of a number of issues such as refrigeration, pesticide use, irradiation, antibiotics etc. further, his extensive use of results from various research studies clearly highlights the depth of knowledge and insight that the writer possess in the subject. John starts the discussion with the simple expression – ‘who wants to pesticide residue?’. By doing so, he has also taken into account the issue of resources such as oil and also the time gap between production and supply to the department store. The central point of the discussion does however not limit itself to the issue of pesticides alone. Additionally, it also tries to convince the user that another aspect that consumers look for when buying the product is the value for ‘taste’. John has clearly put forward his findings of food being ecologically rich but deprived of essential taste on account of being refrigerated and transported across long distances. John has further appealed to the audience to not judge ecologically grown products on the basis of the process that they undergo during production, but to also think move ahead from thinking from a consumer perspective to a more closer look from the health aspect. He argues that despite the high preference for the way products are grown, it is also important to consider its freshness and the extent to which it works well for the body upon consumption. John has clearly pointed out the difficult position faced by huge departmental chains such as Wal-Mart that has been facing a backlash since its decision to offer a higher proportion of organic products. John uses the information obtained from several researchers such as Joan

The Founding Of The Vanity Fair Brand

The Founding Of The Vanity Fair Brand Founded in 1899, Vanity Fair (VF), the worlds largest publicly owned apparel company, offers various products such as jeans, bags, sportswear, footwear and outerwear. It operates mainly in the US and Europe, but also in developing countries like India, Russia and China. In the last decade, VF made some acquisitions including The North Face, Napapijri, Nautica and Vans. Five major coalitions consist of multiple brands a total of 700 brand stores in 2009 leading the Growth Plan strategy. The company recorded, in 2008, $7,561,621 of revenues. VF brands are attempting to establish close relationships with its suppliers to reduce production costs, respond to changes in other cost factors, and shorten the lead time that occurs with the traditional suppliers. Also, Fraser, the President of the Supply Chain International for VF brands, is concerned that the companys current supply chain strategies will not satisfy the future demand that will occur in the Asia-Pacific areas. In this paper, we will analyze four alternatives that VF brands can execute for its global expansion into the Asian markets. Those 4 alternatives are as follow; (1) To abandon the Third Way; (2) To continue with the current supply chain strategies; (3) To pick the best method for each coalition and products categories; and (4) Gradually switching to Third Way altogether in the end. Based on our analyses of the 4 alternatives and the apparel industry, we will suggest the best solution that will satisfy the new demand and help the other areas to become more e fficient and effective in the future. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Since the company was established more than a century ago, it was able to develop certain competencies in various areas and a good reputation. One of them is the strong performance in its internal plants, and the know-how and expertise involved. All these led to VFs own sustainable competitive advantages. In addition, the company built a technical know-how and engineering capabilities, which are very difficult to imitate. The rapid production at the internal plants and its supply chain are very valuable. Moreover, a large number of suppliers and the experience gained accumulated over time give VF a considerable and reliable network. Also, during the various acquisitions, VF preserved the unique organizational cultures and brand identities to keep the design groups intact. Every brand has then a strong personality that can be managed and developed individually, giving more diversity. Besides, the financial situation of VF is strong with a low level of debts and a high cash position th at can help them in case of tough economic situations and give them more flexibility to respond accordingly. Weaknesses When operating such a big and diversified company, some difficulties may occur. The first one is the lack of coordination and trust among suppliers and the company. A bullwhip effect may be observed due to the lack of inventories. Also, the supply chain is often illogical and highly fragmented due to various outsourcing locations. Certain dependence may be caused by some suppliers, making it very costly (ex: Nicaragua). Thus, building a reliable supplier network is very expensive. VF has a sheer complexity of its product line, leading to different needs and priorities among its numerous brands. The diversity of ideas between coalitions and directors causes some problems in the decision-making as well. Low costs pressuring for outsourcing can lead to quality matters and lack of control. Additionally, not much differentiation can be made in terms of supplying and transportation. Opportunities As the apparel industry is changing at a very rapid rate, innovative companies can see various opportunities. The supply chain management is a very first change in the companys structural changes; then the Third Way is described as an opportunity to gain another competitive advantage, going forward. Partnerships can be developed in a long term vision. Moreover, the expansion of sales in developing countries represents a huge growth opportunity. Asian markets seem like a favourable location for new stores. Also, the development of new line products at a broad range of price can be designed at any time to satisfy a new market segment. Fashion is seen differently around the world, thus, various strategies are used to fulfill each need. Future acquisitions can also contribute to the growth of VF. Threats Apparel industry is very much affected by economic situations. In times of crisis, too much dependence on some suppliers might be fatal; especially that competition is very hard and intense with brands competing directly. Continuous investment must be made, essentially in marketing to maintain margins. Plus, the growing bargaining power of mass retailing chains put pressure to lower the price at all time. Also, the frequent changes in tariffs and quotas make outsourcing unsure sometimes, making the research for suppliers challenging. Agile supply chain and vf brands The third way seems to be a new way to deal with suppliers and with a supply chain in general. However, third way could be seen as an agile supply chain in many aspects. In the next section, we will discuss what are an agile supply chain, the differences between lean supply chain and hybrid supply chain, and the link with VF Brands third Way. This part will give basic information that will be useful for our recommendations. VF BRANDS and THE AGILE SUPPLY CHAIN In a turbulent and volatile world, the only thing that does not change is change by itself . Basically, companies compete at several competitive dimensions like cost, delivery time, quality and flexibility. However, todays intensely competitive market is more and more defined by an instability and unpredictability of demand that represent the new challenges organizations face. For many reasons, the product and technology life cycles are shortening, forcing more frequent product changes in addition to new competitive pressure. Now, companies look beyond cost and quality advantages. Speed to market, speed to delivery and flexibility are being emphasized as a way to be more reactive to the needs of customers. However, more than speed, companies require a high level of maneuverability, or in other words, a high level of agility. What is an Agile Organization? Agility is a business-wide capability that embraces an organizational structure, information and systems, logistics processes, and in particular, mindsets. The key to success of an agile business is speed and flexibility. Agile organizations are market-driven, with more product research, and short development and introduction cycles. An agile organization can be defined as an organization capable to cope with unexpected challenges, to survive unprecedented threats of business environment and to take advantage of changes as opportunities. This kind of organization must be a fast moving, adaptable, robust business able to achieve a competitive advantage in a very instable environment. The basic way to define agility is the ability to quickly match supply, however, it is important to explain that agile is not a synonymous of leanness. Indeed, lean can be seen as doing more with less by implementing a lean manufacturing (Porsche Consulting) with zero inventory or Minimum Reasonable Inventory (MRI) and just in time approach. However, lean manufacturing system does not often mean flexible manufacturing system. A lean manufacturing system can result on less waste and high efficiency, but sometimes with important inventory. Finally, a company with a lean chain of supply can make their consumers wait a longer time to receive their products. We can illustrate that with the automotive industry and more specifically with the Toyota Production System. Indeed Toyota production system can be seen as lean, but that does not mean that consumers do not have to wait, often during months, to have the car of their choice. Therefore, Lean approach works best in high volume, low varie ty, and predictable environment. Whereas, Agility is needed in less predictable environment where demand is volatile and the requirement for variety is high. The Agile Supply Chains and Characteristics All organizations have supply chains of varying degrees, depending upon the size of the organization, the depth and scope of international outsourcing, the type of product manufactured, and the international production network. A supply chain describes the series of linked activities creating a process that changes supplies and components into finished products that will be distributed to customers. The agility of a Supply Chain is a measure of how well the relationship involved in the process enhances four pivotal objectives of agile manufacturing: Customer sensitivity, Virtual integration, Process Integration, and Network integration. First, all the agile supply must have the capacity to understand and respond to real demand quickly, in other words, the supply chain must be customer sensitive. The organization must be able to make forecast based upon past sales or shipment demand and convert these forecasts into inventory. For instance, the main challenge for companies is to be able to hear the voices of the market by receiving Efficient Response from customer (ECR) using information and technology to capture data on demand directly from point-of-sale and point of use. The organization must use information and technology to share data between buyers and suppliers creating a supply chain based on information rather than inventory, basically, create a Virtual Supply Chain. Sharing information using information and system (for example EDI) with our partner will create a collaborative work environment (process integration) that can be illustrated by joint product development and process improvement between buyer and s uppliers. Integrated your process offer the potential for major performance gain. This form of co-operation in supply chain is more and more important as many companies focus on their core competencies and outsource all other activities. Partnerships between buyer and supplier are inevitable to achieve an agile supply chain. To this extent, integration can mean the combination of sell through data, exchange of inventory status information, order coordination, open-book accounting, buyer supplier team, share information about the future products, and change in manufacturing process need to be changed as well as simplified pricing schemes . Figure 1 Dimension of Supply Chain Agility Supply chain agility can be discussed in terms of two dimensions of reach and range of activities covered by networking amongst companies (13;8). The figure shows this two-dimensional framework. On the vertical axis, there is the reach from Personal Division to Global. When, in the horizontal axis, there is the Range of activities from the basic way to send a message (EMAIL for instance) to Internet integration. This figure shows three steps from Bill of Material through Purchasing efficiency with electronic commerce, Supplier coaching, and Relational Database to the top level of planning, and control with Demand Planning, and Capacity Planning, and so on. To achieve agility on the Supply Chain, an organization must go through these steps and access the highest level with planning and control. In fact, the company must achieve the highest level on Reach (Global) and on Range (Integration). Indeed, on the last step, internal operations will be transparent to suppliers and customers. T his transparency allows cross companys team to work. Local teams are able to think globally and discuss the process and requirement without restriction without major problems of communication. Any change, modification, and new project can be implemented quickly, efficiently, and easily without creating high cost, or affecting quality of the output. (Figure 2) Another study, by Vankatranan and Handerson, implemented these three steps in addition with three inter-dependent dimensions of the supply chain (customer interaction, asset configuration, Knowledge Leverage). In fact, these three stages can be implemented to evaluate progress on each dimension of the supply chain and see how well integrated and agile it is. (Figure 3) Hybrid Strategy, another Solution Lean and agile supply chain are two concepts focusing on two different issues. Lean initiative is said to focus on cost and quality and impacts on flexibility and times based technology leadership objective (e.g. TPS), whereas, agile supply chain influence costs and time based technology leadership. However, companies often need to keep in mind cost quality as well as flexibility and technology leadership at the same time. A combination of the two approaches could be appropriate to create a hybrid strategy. Hybrid Supply Chain focuses on the fact that characteristics of demand must be taken into consideration when designing the supply chain. Within a mixed portfolio of product and markets, there could be some products with stable demand and some other with unpredictable demand that is why a supply does not have to be totally agile of lean. For instance, the Supply Chain of the fashion apparel, Zara, could be shown as a agile supply chain with some lean characteristic in order to have the most effective quick-response system in its industry. Indeed Zara is able to quickly understand trends, producing some items with low flexible demand in low cost country (low cost, long time delivery, and so on), but at the same time they are able to be produced quickly in response in Spanish high-automated and very efficient factories that allow quick production, shorter time to delivery in point of sale, lower risk, and more flexibility. We can discuss another case, IKEA. IKEA deals with many suppliers mostly in European Union (more than 50%) and 20% in China. Two ideas must be underlined; Ikea usually implement long-term relationship with strong partnership with its suppliers, however, these partners must respect very strict norms created by IKEA itself. IKEA can help is suppliers (by financings machines, increasing the efficiency of the supply chain, and on) that make these supplier very efficient and very dependent to the buyer. To this point of view, IKEA supply chain can be seen as an agile Supply Chain, however, Ikea produce many products in Asia (China), but these products have a more stable demand trend. VF BRAND and The Third Way: Implementation of an Agile Supply Chain? Vanity Fair brands were used to deal with their own very efficient factories located closed to the companys main market, the US. However, the group decided to extend globally by buying other brands where the policies were sometimes to totally outsource the production. VF brands needed to deal with a very complicated supply chain, very decentralized design, and so on; a kind of mix between traditional sourcing and outsourcing, for some aspect similar to ZARA. However, just chasing low cost and building its own factories are not seen as a long-term solution for Chris Fraser, President Supply Chain international for VF Brand. At the same time, some of the inefficiency was due to lack of coordination and lack of trust between apparel companies and suppliers. A new solution was adopted, the third way. Third way means that VF should focus on supplier network. Suppliers and VF brand would work together. Suppliers would own their factories, but VF brand will help them for free using their ow n resources in engineering and management forces as well as with their purchasing power to procure fabric and other raw materials -resources previously used in their own factories. This solution looks like IKEAs solution, however, Ikea focused on a network of suppliers geographically near its location which is not the case for VF Brand that have to deal with low cost countries regulation and particularities and many brands in order to achieve its agile supply chain. The results are not very good for the moment: difficulties to convince shareholders that sharing resources with outsourced suppliers is a good solution, and as well as difficulty linking with the country where products are supplied; which probably is the reasons why. As a conclusion, results from studies like shows that only a few companies have adopted agile supply chain practices. However, most companies have created long term collaboration with suppliers as well as customers; it can be seen as lean Supply chain or hybrid strategy. Indeed study suggests that lean supply chain has a higher level of impact on competitive objectives in contrast to agile supply chain. Nevertheless, this result would probably be discussed within a few years as it will take some time before current companies investments and research effort on agile supply chain lead to more concrete and enjoyable results on competitive outcome compared to lean supply chain. Lets see what VF Brand can achieve if it pursue this third way. ALTERNATIVES Alternative 1 Abandon the Third Way go back to the old way The Third Way could potentially cause many difficulties for VF, hence abandoning this way before investing too much money is a possible alternative. Firstly, you maintain the flexibility to change volumes or to change to a supplier who is offering a lower price. You are also independent from the suppliers problems, for instance if you are not satisfied with the quality of the product, you can simply switch to a different supplier. Following the old way, you do not need to spend money and time until the problem is fixed. Secondly, it is tough to find suppliers willing to form a partnership with the given conditions. To agree to not supply the same category of products to competitors anytime in the future is a huge barrier for a supplier and drags him into dependence on VF. Since the price paid is vague at the establishment of the relationship, the supplier faces the risk to be exploited. The fact that one of the test Third Way suppliers could not manage to survive financially is a hint that the relationship might not work out for suppliers. In Addition, VFs existing suppliers were carefully selected and since they were not interested in a closer relationship. Thus, VF needs to establish the Third Way with unknown companies, a great risk if you are concerning the trust needed. Thirdly, there is still the possibility that VFs knowledge leaks out to competitors. The technology you provide your supplier is not necessarily limited to a specific category of product, but you relationship might be. In this case, the technology could be used by competitors if they buy products of a different kind from that supplier. Since VF is not the owner of the supplier, it is also harder to control the knowledge leaking. For example, an employee may change to a competitors supplier. Fraser and Green called VFs technical capabilities a trump card, therefore it should be highly protected and not being risked. Another point is that the problem of switching costs is also an issue. To establish a Third-Way-relationship VF has to invest money to transfer their knowledge to the supplier. Since the latter is not losing any money in case of termination of the contract, the chance for dropping out is higher. Regardless whether the supplier drops out or is closing down for some reasons, it takes a long time until a new relationship is established, so VF might face severe supply difficulties. Lastly, in a study there was no significant relation between strategic sourcing and gaining competitive advantage. Therefore, the effort spent on the Third Way might not return the expected results. On the other hand, the same study showed that strategic sourcing (and therefore the Third Way) has a positive influence on business performance. A close relationship is also speeding up goods entry. Also keep in mind that the total costs for a five pocket jeans were the lowest of all three ways. Alternative 2 Continue the current supply chain strategies Another alternative strategy for the situation which Vanity Fair brands are facing could be to keep working on the current strategy. As explained in the article and supported by its strong financial performance compared to its competitors, the company has maintain its competitive position in the apparel industry. VF brands have been well established through a series of successful mergers and acquisitions of different brands, products, and styles. In the course of these acquisitions, the company was able to gain huge competitive advantages from operating its own manufacturing plants and traditional outsourcing, simultaneously. This combined strategy allowed the company to juggle between based on the geographic markets, demands, different products and coalitions. Frasers Third Way strategy seems very attractive for VF going forward. Many of the challenges the company faces are due to production inefficiency and supplier relationship based on little or no trust. Fraser and VF brands are at a crucial stage to decide which means to carry on international expansion goals in the future. Despite many benefits of the Third Way, the company must examine if this supply chain strategy is a strong fit for Asian markets. As mentioned previously, there is no doubt that a combination of full integration and traditional sourcing is a VF brands strength. Internal manufacturing sites are able to produce high quality products more efficiently and reliably compared to not only its competitors but also its outsourcing suppliers. The significantly reduced production time is a great strength with respect to the products that experiences a high inventory turnover rate. Another advantage arises in unexpected crisis such as the global economic downturn in 2008-2009. If the company operated solely based on outsourcing, it would have been very difficult to survive due to the shutdown of small shops and short notice of their discontinuation. On the other hand, outsourcing for certain coalitions or products due to the nature of its operations is inevitable. Cut and make (CM) contracts allowed the company to oversee cost drivers at each stage, mostly for heritage lines supplied in Central American and Caribbean. Full package sourcing was mainly used for the lifestyle brands in Asia, Europe, and Northern Africa. Outsourcing strategy provides VF brands with more flexibility when dealing with different suppliers across different geographic regions, especially with regards to tariffs and quotas. While the Third Way has many benefits going forward, this strategy also involves a high risk and costs associated, more so if executed without thorough research and examinations. Besides the concerns from different areas of the company itself, the Third Way should be carefully selected and applied to the most suitable product lines. For example, the strategy is most suitable for products that require the steady and regular supply of its inventory with the staffs of a certain level of education. Also these potential suppliers should be willing to build the strategic partnership for a long term. As mentioned before, switching costs are another hindrance. Since it is much easier to persuade new suppliers than existing suppliers, the company needs to thoroughly examine the qualifications of potential suppliers and there is always a risk that the supplier might not meet the standards later on. Rather than expanding globally extensively through the Third Way, Fraser and the company must fi rst identify the strategic fit for certain geographic regions for certain products/coalitions, and then pursue this strategy. A product line which makes up a small volume or not much techniques or skills should rather be outsourced. Alternative 3: Hybrid Supply Chain VF Corporation world headquarters is located in Greesboro, North Carolina where the senior management team is based, along with the corporate strategy, Finance, Global Business Technology, Law, Human resources and finally, Global Supply Chain. VF Brand Business model focuses on supporting the individuality of lifestyle of each VF Brand and has to deal with each headquarter. Indeed, each Brand has its own headquarter and focuses on its own consumers and customers.(1) However, VF Brands had divided the globe into 4 areas: US Region, Americas, EMEA (Europe, Middle East, Africa), Asia-Pacific. VF Corporation has a specific strategy for each region even some brands are in different regions and are often global. Each brand has specific suppliers that can deliver globally and deal with the headquarter of this specific brand (not with VF Corporation). However, different brands in different regions might need the same supplier for almost the same product. For instance, two brands may need the cheapest supplier as possible for a specific type of product that can accept a long lead time whereas some other products may need a short lead time as the demand trend could fluctuate a lot. The next recommendation could be for VF Brand to have a more original and customized production and purchasing strategy. The basic idea is to create more coherence between where suppliers are based and where products are distributed. Lets take backpacks for example. Backpacks are needed for many companies inside the group, however the demand for backpacks is not fluctuating a lot and the demand is often lower for a backpacks than for jeans or a shirts or t-shirt. This implies that these backpacks could be produced in Asia with lower prices and longer lead time with classic suppliers. However, Jeans for the US market could be manufactured in Mexico in highly automated factories owned by VF Brand, and shipped quickly to the US. Manufacturing these Jeans in Mexico allowed shorter lead times and flexibility depending on fashion trend and thus, demand. The idea is to base suppliers where it is more significant for distribution. If goods are produced in Eastern Europe or Asia, these produc ts should be shipped directly from suppliers to a distribution center that will be located near where products will be sold. Indeed, nowadays, many products are produced in Asia and shipped to the US to finally be sold in Asia. This new approach will significantly reduce lead times and cost. Previously, we only talked about regular suppliers and factory owned by VF. However, VF Brands do not own their own factories for instance in the European and Asian markets. The key idea is to implement the third way in this case. Indeed, some products in the Asian or European market could have a very fluctuating demand trend; for these specific products some brand may need suppliers as efficient as VF Brands factories. Choosing specific suppliers and implementing the third way with them could be a good solution. These third way suppliers could produce for different brands of the VF Corp when they want to produce common products for a specific period of time or deal with specific products for different brands of the group. These third way suppliers could act like VF Brands factories; but in this case, close to EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) region or Asia-Pacific region markets. To avoid sending products to other part of the world and then send them back to the original region , regional centers could be created. These centers will received product from normal suppliers (common for all VF Corp Brands) and then send these product to other regional centers, reducing lead time and cost. At the same time, Third Way suppliers will only focus on production for their actual area of the world. VF Brands must act local and think global. However as I will show, VF Brands do not have to think global just with its supply chain. Indeed, as we previously said, some products -like backpacks- are not often a trendy product. These not-so-specific products could have a common base -platform- share between the brands that will allow mass production with the same suppliers-reducing cost by dealing with more significant volumes-. In other words, some products could probably be designed by and for a different brand of the group but with the possibility of customization to differentiate these products. Exhibit 1 shows you an example for 3 areas, (EMEA, USA, ASIA) 1- VF Corporation Website http://www.vfc.com/about/global-presence VF CORP, how to think Globally Alternative 4: Gradually switch to Third Way altogether in the end Another alternative is that VF could gradually change their strategy to Third Way altogether in the end. As mentioned in the given case, VF can achieve more efficiency and long term stability through the Third Way. In our previous alternatives, we mentioned our concerns about the Third Way that it would not succeed. According to this point of view, the Third Way will bring loss of flexibility, leakage of VFs technology to outside and many other losses that will not benefit the company. However, to survive in apparel market of today, it is crucial for a company to satisfy various needs of consumers while supplying products as quickly as possible, which can be achieved by the Third Way. In order to quickly respond to market changes, it is important for VF to have a simplified, efficient production process so that it can immediately act when necessary. By achieving the Third Way, VF can gain two advantages. First, it can bring efficiency to its supply process. Second, it will result in a long term and sustainable supplier relationship. First, by implementing the Third Way, VF can make its supply process more efficient. By providing high technology engineering resources of VF, suppliers of VF can improve its production processes. This will result in cost benefits for VF as it will shorten lead time, and decrease production and inventory cost. Not only that, improving production process and shortening lead time mean VF can act more quickly. It is important for an apparel company to react quickly to changes to satisfy ever changing needs of the fashion market. Second, VF can create a long term and sustainable supplier relationship with its suppliers by following Third Way. As previously mentioned, contract of Third Way includes long term contract with its supplier in producing goods. By having a long term relationship, VF can decrease cost of finding new supplier for every new season. Also, by providing VFs engineering resources to improve the production process for suppliers, VF can gain trust from its suppliers. By building trust with suppliers, VF can minimize the cost of excess inventory and long lead time. Those against the Third Way argue that it will result in low flexibility, technology leakage. However, recent experiments in countries like Bangladesh showed the Third Way suppliers were able to greatly shorten lead time, allowing VF to respond to market more quickly than compared to traditional ways. Also, no leakages of VFs technology were reported. Those against the Third Way argue that the Third Way has many holes and also it is unable to persuade existing suppliers to change into the Third Way and therefore risky and ineffective strategy. However, this is a myopic view of the issue. Such problems are transitional errors that can be dealt with in the long term. Holes that might appear through the Third Way can be revised when such problems are found. Also, the supplier persuasion issue can be dealt by gradually replacing existing suppliers with the Third Way suppliers while continually trying to convert existing suppliers into the Third Way. It is essential for VF in order to sur vive in apparel market to build a supplier relationship that is sustainable and interactive; hence, the Third Way is the answer. RECOMMENDATION The company is currently in a no-return process. It needs to find the best way to satisfy the growing demand all around the world but parti